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This Week in Science - Ancient Carbonate Minerals on Mars | Pulsar Clocks | Let There Be Light | Quantum Mechanics Born to Be Linear | Network Approaches to Highly Porous Materials | Acidification of the Ancient Oceans | Staying in Place | Location, Location, Location | Fat's Mixed Messages | Complex I Under Scrutiny | Heme Communication Revealed by Asymmetry | Brain Over Muscle | A New Look at Old Data | Making the Final Cut...

Editors' Choice - Psychology: Clarity of Writing | Biochemistry: Inhibiting the Uninhibited | Ecology: Hawks Take Out Sparrows | Chemistry: Gazing Up at a Cone | Astrophysics: Flowing Farther | Climate Science: Untangling the Threads | Cell Biology: Where to Mate...

Random Samples - What the Heck? | Big Bucks Down Under | Moose Maladies | Stitching Light...

[Editorial] Escalating Threat of Wheat Rusts - Authors: Mogens Støvring Hovmøller, Stephanie Walter, Annemarie Fejer Justesen...

[News of the Week] HIV/AIDS: At Last, Vaginal Gel Scores Victory Against HIV - For the first time ever, a vaginal gel has unequivocally blocked the transmission of HIV, it was reported online this week in Science and in a presentation at the 18th International AIDS Conference in Vienna.Author: Jon Cohen...

[News of the Week] Drug Safety: Planned Study of Avandia in Doubt After FDA Review - Last week's sharply divided opinion on whether the Food and Drug Administration should pull the glucose-lowering drug Avandia from the U.S. market for potentially increasing the risk of heart attacks in diabetes patients has left a lingering scientific question: What should happen to a study, called TIDE, that compares Avandia and a competing drug, Actos?Author: Sam Kean...

[News of the Week] Undergraduate Education: NSF Misfires on Plan to Revamp Minority Programs - A new plan by the National Science Foundation to fold three programs aimed at preparing more minority students to enter careers in science and engineering into a still-to-be-defined initiative has scientists and university administrators involved in the programs up in arms, and Congress is telling NSF to go back to the drawing board.Author: Jeffrey Mervis...

[News of the Week] Rare-Earth Elements: Chinese Policies Could Pinch U.S. Efforts to Make Electric Vehicles - This month, China announced that it will cut exports this year of rare-earth elements by 40%, which could ground fledgling efforts to build clean-energy industries in the United States and other Western countries.Author: Robert F. Service...

[News of the Week] ScienceInsider: From the Science Policy Blog - ScienceInsider reported this week that climate scientist and activist Stephen Schneider, 65, died 19 July of an apparent heart attack, ending a nearly 40-year career doing climate science, assessing climate science for policymakers, explaining it articulately to the public, and defending it energetically against skeptics, among other stories....

[News of the Week] Conservation Biology: Last Stand on the Yangtze - Time is running out for the world's only freshwater porpoise, the Yangtze finless porpoise: Unless threats to its survival are met head on, the porpoise could be gone in 15 years, ecologists say.Author: Richard Stone...

[News of the Week] ScienceNOW.org: From Science's Online Daily News Site - ScienceNOW reported this week on a way to better quantify a couple's chance of having a child using IVF, why gorillas play tag, a Jupiter-sized comet, and new studies showing that adult cells reprogrammed to resemble embryonic cells retain signatures of the tissue from which they came, among other stories....

[News of the Week] Newsmaker Interview: Nobelist Paul Nurse to Pilot Royal Society, London Superlab - Paul Nurse spoke with Science last week about his past, his recent suggestion to bolster U.K. funding for 100 to 150 top researchers, and his busy future as both president of the Royal Society and founding director of the UK Centre for Medical Research and Innovation.Author: Jocelyn Kaiser...

[News Focus] Energy: Dams for Patagonia - Pressed by a demand for electricity, Chile is considering seven big dams and a transmission line through its southern wilderness; critics say the environmental risks have not been fully examined.Author: Gaia Vince...

[News Focus] Energy: A Craving for Hydropower - Environmentalists and independent energy analysts argue that by improving efficiency and investing in renewable energy, Chile could find more than enough power within its borders for at least a decade?and without more dams. So far, however, energy planners have not been persuaded.Author: Gaia Vince...

[News Focus] Profile: Nicholas Dodman: Can Dogs Behaving Badly Suggest a New Way to Treat OCD? - One of the world's most popular vets argues that research on animals with behavioral problems can offer insight into people with obsessive-compulsive disorder.Authors: Constance Holden, John Travis...

[Letter] Bracing for Oil - Author: Rachel N. Silverstein...

[Letter] Evolution of Fairness: Cultural Variability - Authors: Nicolas Baumard, Pascal Boyer, Dan Sperber...

[Letter] Evolution of Fairness: Rereading the Data - Authors: Andrew W. Delton, Max M. Krasnow, Leda Cosmides, John Tooby...

[Letter] Response?Evolution of Fairness: Cultural Variability - Authors: Joseph Henrich, Jean Ensminger, Richard McElreath, Abigail Barr, Clark Barrett, Alexander Bolyanatz, Juan Camilo Cardenas, Michael Gurven, Edwins Gwako, Natalie Henrich, Carolyn Lesorogol, Frank Marlowe, David Tracer, John Ziker...

[Book Review] Plant Science: A Plant Breeder's History of the World - Drawing on historical and scientific accounts, Kingsbury traces the use of selective breeding and hybridization in attempts to make plants more reliable, productive, and nutritious.Author: Alan B. Bennett...

[Books et al.] Books Received - A listing of books received at Science during the week ended 16 July 2010....

[Book Review] Anthropology: Cultivating Chaos - Wells considers some of the drawbacks that have stemmed from the prehistoric shift to farming for our food supply.Author: Saleem H. Ali...

[Policy Forum] Information Access: Prepublication Data Release, Latency, and Genome Commons - Scientific information commons can be modulated by adjusting the twin ?dials? of knowledge and rights latency.Author: Jorge L. Contreras...

[Perspective] Plant Science: Launched at 36,000g - Peat mosses project thousands of spores in a turbulent vortex ring from a millimeter-sized pressurized cylindrical capsule.Author: Johan L. van Leeuwen...

[Perspective] Physics: Pairs Rule Quantum Interference - Quantum interference between many different pathways is simply the sum of the effects from all pairs of pathways.Author: James D. Franson...

[Perspective] Medicine: Wnt Fans the Flames in Obesity - The balance between two factors released by mammalian fat cells controls the degree of inflammation and insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue.Authors: Da Young Oh, Jerrold M. Olefsky...

[Perspective] Philosophy of Science: Machine Science - Soon, computers could generate many useful hypotheses with little help from humans.Authors: James Evans, Andrey Rzhetsky...

[Perspective] Planetary Science: Carbonates and Martian Climate - The detection of large volumes of carbonates reasserts the importance of carbon dioxide in martian climate history.Author: Ralph P. Harvey...

[Perspective] Ecology: Filtering Wildlife - ?Extinction filters? help visualize complex threats faced by wildlife in protected areas.Author: Justin S. Brashares...

[Perspectie] Neuroscience: Seeing the Light of Day - A potential gene therapy approach could restore some vision to patients with retinitis pigmentosa.Author: Constance Cepko...

[Brevia] Sphagnum Moss Disperses Spores with Vortex Rings - Fluid dynamics similar to those known to drive smoke rings shoot moss spores far and wide.Authors: Dwight L. Whitaker, Joan Edwards...

[Brevia] Reactivation of Hepatic EPO Synthesis in Mice After PHD Loss - Stimulating erythropoietin production in the mouse liver points to a treatment for anemia caused by chronic kidney disease.Authors: Yoji Andrew Minamishima, William G. Kaelin Jr....

[Research Article] Switched Magnetospheric Regulation of Pulsar Spin-Down - Irregularities in pulsar rotation rates can be explained by quasi-periodic, abrupt changes in the pulsar magnetosphere.Authors: Andrew Lyne, George Hobbs, Michael Kramer, Ingrid Stairs, Ben Stappers...

[Research Article] Genetic Reactivation of Cone Photoreceptors Restores Visual Responses in Retinitis Pigmentosa - A bacterial ion pump rescues visual function in damaged cone-photoreceptor cells in mouse models of retinitis pigmentosa.Authors: Volker Busskamp, Jens Duebel, David Balya, Mathias Fradot, Tim James Viney, Sandra Siegert, Anna C. Groner, Erik Cabuy, Valérie Forster, Mathias Seeliger, Martin Biel, Peter Humphries, Michel Paques, Saddek Mohand-Said, Didier Trono, Karl Deisseroth, José A. Sahel, Serge Picaud, Botond Roska...

[Report] Ruling Out Multi-Order Interference in Quantum Mechanics - A multiple-slit diffraction experiment shows that interference arises from pairs of paths.Authors: Urbasi Sinha, Christophe Couteau, Thomas Jennewein, Raymond Laflamme, Gregor Weihs...

[Report] Identification of Carbonate-Rich Outcrops on Mars by the Spirit Rover - Substantial carbonate concentration in martian outcrops implies extensive aqueous activity in the past.Authors: Richard V. Morris, Steven W. Ruff, Ralf Gellert, Douglas W. Ming, Raymond E. Arvidson, Benton C. Clark, D. C. Golden, Kirsten Siebach, Göstar Klingelhöfer, Christian Schröder, Iris Fleischer, Albert S. Yen, Steven W. Squyres...

[Report] Ultrahigh Porosity in Metal-Organic Frameworks - The large surface areas of these materials would correspond to that of dispersed nanocubes just 3 to 6 nanometers wide.Authors: Hiroyasu Furukawa, Nakeun Ko, Yong Bok Go, Naoki Aratani, Sang Beom Choi, Eunwoo Choi, A. Özgür Yazaydin, Randall Q. Snurr, Michael O?Keeffe, Jaheon Kim, Omar M. Yaghi...

[Report] Calcareous Nannoplankton Response to Surface-Water Acidification Around Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a - Rather than going extinct, calcareous plankton adapted to ocean acidification ~120 million years ago.Authors: Elisabetta Erba, Cinzia Bottini, Helmut J. Weissert, Christina E. Keller...

[Report] The Landscape of C. elegans 3?UTRs - Genome-wide analysis of the nematode worm indicates a role for complex expression of 3? untranslated regions in development.Authors: Marco Mangone, Arun Prasad Manoharan, Danielle Thierry-Mieg, Jean Thierry-Mieg, Ting Han, Sebastian D. Mackowiak, Emily Mis, Charles Zegar, Michelle R. Gutwein, Vishal Khivansara, Oliver Attie, Kevin Chen, Kourosh Salehi-Ashtiani, Marc Vidal, Timothy T. Harkins, Pascal Bouffard, Yutaka Suzuki, Sumio Sugano, Yuji Koh...

[Report] A Septin Diffusion Barrier at the Base of the Primary Cilium Maintains Ciliary Membrane Protein Distribution - Signaling proteins are retained in the cilium by a diffusion barrier created by a member of the septin family.Authors: Qicong Hu, Ljiljana Milenkovic, Hua Jin, Matthew P. Scott, Maxence V. Nachury, Elias T. Spiliotis, W. James Nelson...

[Report] Integrative Modeling Defines the Nova Splicing-Regulatory Network and Its Combinatorial Controls - Network modeling reveals an RNA splicing network in the brain and uncovers complex mechanisms of regulation.Authors: Chaolin Zhang, Maria A. Frias, Aldo Mele, Matteo Ruggiu, Taesun Eom, Christina B. Marney, Huidong Wang, Donny D. Licatalosi, John J. Fak, Robert B. Darnell...

[Report] Dnmt3a-Dependent Nonpromoter DNA Methylation Facilitates Transcription of Neurogenic Genes - DNA methylation is normally repressive but can activate genes when the methylated sites lie outside promoter regions.Authors: Hao Wu, Volkan Coskun, Jifang Tao, Wei Xie, Weihong Ge, Kazuaki Yoshikawa, En Li, Yi Zhang, Yi Eve Sun...

[Report] Functional Modules and Structural Basis of Conformational Coupling in Mitochondrial Complex I - A long helix transduces conformational energy to the proton-pumping elements in complex I.Authors: Carola Hunte, Volker Zickermann, Ulrich Brandt...

[Report] An Electronic Bus Bar Lies in the Core of Cytochrome bc1 - Electrons move across the entire structure of a functional dimer of an enzyme central to cellular bioenergetics.Authors: Monika ?wierczek, Ewelina Cieluch, Marcin Sarewicz, Arkadiusz Borek, Christopher C. Moser, P. Leslie Dutton, Artur Osyczka...

[Report] Sfrp5 Is an Anti-Inflammatory Adipokine That Modulates Metabolic Dysfunction in Obesity - Fat cells secrete an anti-inflammatory factor that has beneficial effects on metabolic health.Authors: Noriyuki Ouchi, Akiko Higuchi, Koji Ohashi, Yuichi Oshima, Noyan Gokce, Rei Shibata, Yuichi Akasaki, Akihiko Shimono, Kenneth Walsh...

[Report] Muscle Dysfunction Caused by a KATP Channel Mutation in Neonatal Diabetes Is Neuronal in Origin - Identification of the origin of muscle weakness that accompanies a form of neonatal diabetes may lead to safer therapies.Authors: Rebecca H. Clark, James S. McTaggart, Richard Webster, Roope Mannikko, Michaela Iberl, Xiu Li Sim, Patrik Rorsman, Maike Glitsch, David Beeson, Frances M. Ashcroft...

[Business Office Feature] Business Office Feature: LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES: Protein-Protein Interaction Technologies Toward a Human Interactome - Author: Perkel Jeffrey M....

New Products - A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers....

[Podcast] Science Podcast - The show includes A microbicidal gel for preventing HIV infection, dams plans for Patagonia, turbulent moss spore dispersal, and more.....